Scott Weaver
Updated at: January 06, 2025 · 5 min read
What are some of the most frequently asked questions about PrEP HIV?
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is a powerful tool in preventing HIV transmission, but it can also raise many questions. This guide answers some of the most frequently asked questions about PrEP, helping to clarify its use, effectiveness, and related considerations for individuals in the United Kingdom.
Key Takeaways
What is PrEP and How Does it Work?
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) is a daily medication for HIV-negative individuals that prevents HIV infection by stopping the virus from multiplying in the body. It needs to be taken consistently to be effective and cannot be used as a one-time solution.
Who Should Consider Taking PrEP?
PrEP is recommended for people at higher risk of HIV exposure, including:
Men who have sex with men.
People with HIV-positive partners.
Those engaging in high-risk behaviours like sharing needles or having condomless sex.
Important Considerations About PrEP
Effectiveness: PrEP is highly effective when taken as prescribed, but it’s not 100% foolproof. Combining it with condom use provides better protection.
Limitations: PrEP only prevents HIV, not other STIs.
Access: PrEP is available for free through the NHS in the UK for eligible individuals.
For more advice, consult a GP or visit a local sexual health clinic.
What Is PrEP and How Does It Work?
PrEP stands for Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis. It is a medication taken by people who are HIV-negative to reduce their risk of contracting HIV.
How It Works:
PrEP prevents HIV from replicating in the body by blocking an enzyme called reverse transcriptase. Without this enzyme, the virus cannot reproduce, protecting the individual from HIV infection.
Do You Need to Take PrEP Regularly?
Yes, consistent use is essential. PrEP must be taken daily and at the same time each day to maintain the medication's effectiveness.
Can You Take PrEP for One Night Only?
No, PrEP does not work if taken sporadically or for just one night. It needs time to build up in your system to provide adequate protection.
What If You Miss a Dose?
If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Missing a single dose occasionally won’t significantly reduce its effectiveness, but repeated missed doses can lower protection.
Who Should Consider Taking PrEP?
PrEP is recommended for individuals at high risk of HIV exposure, including:
Men who have sex with men.
Transgender individuals who have condomless sex.
People in relationships with an HIV-positive partner.
Heterosexual individuals with partners who engage in high-risk behaviours (e.g., sex work, drug injection).
People who inject drugs and share needles.
Does PrEP Protect Against Other STIs?
No, PrEP is only effective at preventing HIV. It does not protect against other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like gonorrhoea, syphilis, or chlamydia. Using condoms alongside PrEP is strongly recommended for comprehensive protection.
Can You Share PrEP With Someone Else?
No, you should never share your PrEP medication. Sharing could lead to improper use, reduced effectiveness, or unwanted side effects.
What Types of PrEP Are Available?
The most common PrEP medication is a combination of emtricitabine and tenofovir, marketed as Truvada. Other formulations may be available depending on individual needs and healthcare provider recommendations.
What Does U=U Mean?
U=U stands for Undetectable = Untransmittable. This means that individuals with HIV who achieve and maintain an undetectable viral load through antiretroviral therapy (ART) cannot transmit the virus sexually.
Is PrEP 100% Effective?
While PrEP is highly effective, it is not 100% foolproof. Taking the medication as prescribed greatly reduces the risk of contracting HIV, but combining PrEP with condom use offers the best protection.
Is PrEP Available Through the NHS?
Yes, since 2020, PrEP has been available on the NHS in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Speak to your GP or local sexual health clinic to discuss eligibility and access.
What Is the PrEP Care Continuum?
The PrEP Care Continuum is a framework used by healthcare providers to improve PrEP access and adherence:
Awareness: Educating individuals about PrEP.
Access: Ensuring PrEP is available.
Initiation: Starting eligible individuals on PrEP.
Adherence: Supporting consistent use.
Retention: Maintaining ongoing care and treatment.
How Is nPEP Different From PrEP?
PrEP: Taken daily before potential HIV exposure to prevent infection.
nPEP (Post-Exposure Prophylaxis): Taken within 72 hours after potential HIV exposure and continued for 28 days.
What Are the Symptoms of Acute HIV?
Acute HIV infection may cause flu-like symptoms within 2-4 weeks of exposure, including:
Fever
Fatigue
Sore throat
Rash
Muscle and joint pain
Headache
If you suspect HIV exposure, seek immediate medical advice.
Final Thoughts
PrEP is an invaluable tool for HIV prevention when used correctly. If you think you might benefit from PrEP or have further questions, consult your GP or a sexual health clinic. You can also explore options for PrEP through trusted providers like the NHS.
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